星期一, 2月 10, 2014

「一本」和「有效得分」的分別的看法 (靜岡 劍道家 井上義彦範士 )

 
 
 
 
 
「一本」和「有效得分」的分別的看法 
 
 (靜岡 劍道家 - 井上義彦範士)
 
 
我們譯成中文,發放予各劍道愛好者分享,希望大家正確了解今天的劍道情況什麼了!
 
武道(劍道)現在被視為一種體育競技運動;
一項格闘互擊的過程,展現和實施「技」(waza)的過程;
一起簡單直接的「勝與負」事件。
在這些過程中,「技」因此有需要被規範化,衍生的後果就是一套準則/標準的制定。
然而,真正的勝與負,精義在於在大部分情況下無需實際過招而能夠在精神上克服對手的能力。
無需實際對擊而勝... 無需施展打擊而勝。這才是真正的致勝之道...。然而... 這種取勝或取得優勢的方式,並沒有一個容易辨識、方便勝負裁決的形態。
要對精神上的克勝作出裁決極之困難,甚至是辨識到已出現勝負的狀況亦非易事,除非你是受制的一方。
讓我們仔細看看一記「技」是什麽一回事、什麽是一記百分之一百、完美、可以得分的打擊。
這不是一個輕而易舉的任務。試想以下的情況:我們試圖打一個「面」擊,擊中了目標,但又未足以取得一分。
裁判沒有判給一分,比賽繼續。
這裡出現一個「準一分」的情況,有需要對這一擊作出裁決、有需要依據一個準則作出判斷。這就是所謂的「有效得分」(yuko datotsu;又稱「有效打突」/「有效打擊」)。
實際上,現代劍道缺少的正正是分辨「一本」和「有效得分」的能力。
「一本」是終極的,而「有效得分」則代表攻擊方實施了一記有效的「擊技」,顯示攻擊方已取得優勢,但這一擊卻並非完全無可爭議。
真正的、100%完滿完成的「一本」是當你無視對手反擊的危險、捨身擊出的一本。
一記只許成功不許失敗的一擊。假如這「真正」的一擊真的失敗了,結果就是「有效得分」。
「有效得分」也可以是在無需以身犯險、沒有完全捨身、在同時能夠自保(因而將成功的機會提高)的情況下打出的一擊。
然而,「一本」所需要的是一種強烈欲望以致不顧一切的態度,就像是要將生命完全押在這一擊之上的態度。
沒有這態度,就沒有這「一本」。
我們現在的情況就是將「有效得分」和「一本」等同,在裁決時視之為相等。
劍道因此變成競技型的比賽,不再是「真劍」(Shinken)式的劍技對決。我們必須明白,現在的「三分比賽」(Sanbon Shobu),實際上並不是最佳的三本,而是最佳的三個「有效得分」。
這情況衍生出來的就是「有效得分」(大概是80%成功的一擊)與「一本」是相同的信念。
倘若目的是「有效得分」,劍手的需要就變成是要權衡斟酌、自我保護。結果是發展出無需完全捨身而取勝的種種方法。
而今,再沒有人明白什麽是真正的「一本」(受擊者内心完全知道已被決定性的一擊所擊中)。
現在正是需要重新審視劍道中「一本」的真正含義的時候。
這是我對「一本」和「有效得分」的分別的看法。
最後,我覺得柔道中「一本」的計分制度更接近其真正的含義,在柔道中「一本」之後再沒有第二次機會、沒有重構再來的可能性。是真正的勝負對決(Shobu)。
 
中文譯者: 香港久明館道場 - “  HPNG KONG KYUMEIKAN DOJO - MR. NG
 
 
英文字幕原文:
 
 
At present Budo (kendo) is considered a sporting pursuit.
A process of fighting, displaying and executing "waza".
A straight Win or Lose event.
This results in a set of standards that need to be applied to each "waza".
However the real meaning of winning or losing is based on the ability of one side to overcome the other mentally without the need in many cases of physically exchanging blows.
Win without physical combat ... Win without striking. This is the real way to win ... However..... This method of winning or prevailling has no easily recognisable shape in order for it to be judged.
It is extremely difficult to judge mental domination, even to be aware of its existence takes some doing unless you are on the receiving end.
Let's take "Waza" and attempting to land a 100% perfect scoring cut.
This is not a simple assignment. For example an attempt at "Men" takes place, its strikes the target but its just not enough for a point to be awarded.
The point is not awarded, the match continues on and on.
So an "about point" needs to decided upon, a standard to work from. This is a Yukodatotsu.
In reality the ability to tell the difference between an ippon and yukodatotsu is lacking in present day Kendo.
An ippon is final, but a Yukodatotsu indicates there has been an effective waza showing advantage to the attacker but it is generally not incontestable.
A true 100% fully executed ippon is where you sacrifice your being ignoring the danger of counter attacks.
A guaranteed successful attack that should not fail. If this kind of "real" attack does however fail you end up with a Yukodatotsu.
A Yokudatotsu can be taken without the dangers, without total sacrifice and while protecting yourself thus increasing your chances of success.
However an ippon requires a desperation as if ones life depends on the action.
Without this attitude ippon will not result.
This leads us to the present situation where Yukodatostsu and ippon are viewed and judged as being equal.
This results in a game like match instead of a "Shinken" (live blade) type Kendo encounter. Therefore we must understand that the present day "San Bon Shobu" where in fact it is not hte best of 3 ippon but the best of 3 yukodatotsu.
This situation leads to a belief that Yukodatotsu (generally about an 80% successful cut) and ippon are the same thing.
With Yukodatotsu a need to measure and protect your self arises. This leads to developing ways to win without full commitment.
We are now left with the situation that true ippon (where the receiver knows deep in their heart they have been beaten by a defining cut) is not understood anymore.
We now find ourselves in an era of needing to examine again the true meaning of ippon in Kendo.
This is my view on the difference between ippon and yukodatotsu.
Finally i feel that the scoring system in judo of ippon is truer to its meaning as there is no 2nd chance or ability for a come back after ippon. A true Shobu (duel).
 
 

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